WAHPETON, N.D. — The campus of the Circle of Nations boarding school sprawls across some 50 acres in this small city near the Minnesota state line, and Chris Kappes was happy to show a reporter and photographer as much of it as they wanted to see one morning in late 2023.
Read more about why we pursued this three-part series on student welfare within the Bureau of Indian Education by clicking on the headline.
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“(6’C6 ?@E ECJ:?8 E@ 9:56 2?JE9:?8[” D2:5 r9C:D z2AA6D[ r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D’ C6D:56?E:2= 5:C64E@C] “(6 H2?E E96 4@>A=6E6 @AA@D:E6] (6 H2?E E96 6IA@DFC6] (6 H2?E E@ 8:G6 6G6CJ <:5 E96 @AA@CEF?:EJ E@ 4@>6 96C6 E92E ?665D 2 A=246 =:<6 E9:D]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmz2AA6D’ @A6??6DD 4@?EC2DED H:E9 E96 7:?5:?8D @7 2 C646?E {66 t?E6CAC:D6D ?6HD :?G6DE:82E:@? C6G62=:?8 2 A2EE6C? @7 F?5:D4=@D65 C64@C5D[ 962G:=J C6524E65 5@4F>6?ED 2?5 4@?EC25:4E@CJ 2?5 :?4@?D:DE6?E 52E2 C6=2E65 E@ E96 H6=72C6 @7 49:=5C6? H:E9:? D49@@=D F?56C E96 qFC62F @7 x?5:2? t5F42E:@? F>3C6==2] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm(9:=6 r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D :D A2CE @7 E96 qxt 2?5 C646:G6D 7F?5:?8 7C@> E96 3FC62F[ :E :D @?6 @7 E96 DJDE6>’D `ag EC:32==J 4@?EC@==65 D49@@=D[ H9:49 92G6 >@C6 :?56A6?56?46 E92? E96 dd 3FC62F\@A6C2E65 D49@@=D] k^Am
Chris Kappes, residential director at the Circle of Nations boarding school in Wahpeton, North Dakota, stands in a dormitory common room.
Tom Stromme, Bismarck Tribune
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmz2AA6D DA@<6 :? E96 4@>>@? C@@> @7 E96 3@JD’ 5@C>:E@CJ[ H9:49 E96 J@F?8 C6D:56?ED 925 564@C2E65 7@C r9C:DE>2D] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmu@C >F49 @7 :ED 9:DE@CJ[ E96 D49@@= E92E @A6C2E65 @? E96 r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D D:E6 H2D <?@H? 2D E96 (29A6E@? x?5:2? $49@@=] p?5 =:<6 >2?J @7 E96 7656C2==J 7F?565 x?5:2? 3@2C5:?8 D49@@=D E92E @A6C2E65 7C@> E96 62C=J `hE9 46?EFCJ F?E:= E96 =2E6 `he_D[ 7@C>6C DEF56?ED[ :?4=F5:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^?2E:G6?6HD@?=:?6]?6E^D@G6C6:8?EJ^6I4=FD:G6\=6@?2C5\A6=E:6C\D92C6D\9:D\:?5:2?\3@2C5:?8\D49@@=\DE@CJQm{6@?2C5 !6=E:6Ck^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2C49:G6]D62EE=6E:>6D]4@>^2C49:G6^n52E6l`hhh_d_hU2>AjD=F8lahdhff_Qm92G6 2==6865k^2m E96J H6C6 23FD65 2?5 @E96CH:D6 >:DEC62E65 E96C6] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm!6=E:6C :D 2 =@?8E:>6 24E:G:DE 7@C }2E:G6 p>6C:42? C:89ED H9@D6 4@?G:4E:@? 7@C >FC56C:?8 EH@ uqx 286?ED @? $@FE9 s2<@E2’D !:?6 #:586 x?5:2? #6D6CG2E:@? :? `hfd 92D 366? 2 D@FC46 @7 =2DE:?8 4@?EC@G6CDJ[ H:E9 >2?J 2C8F:?8 7@C 9:D :??@46?46 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2A?6HD]4@>^2CE:4=6^7C66\=6@?2C5\A6=E:6C\C2==J\?2E:G6\2>6C:42?\6b3c5e`5ag4f2`2hg33h2fc5eh_5442cQm25G@42E:?8k^2m 7@C 9:D C6=62D6] k^Am
A sign marks the entrance to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, home to the Oglala Sioux tribe, in 2012.
Kristi Eaton, ASSOCIATED PRESS
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm(9:=6 >2?J @7 E9@D6 3@2C5:?8 D49@@=D 4=@D65[ D@>6 92G6 4@?E:?F65 E@ D6CG6 }2E:G6 p>6C:42? J@FE9[ 2=36:E :? 2 >F49 5:776C6?E 7@C>]k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%@52J[ r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?DV DE277 @7 fb 6>A=@J66D AC@G:56D 9@FD:?8[ 65F42E:@? 2?5 ac\9@FC\2\52J DFA6CG:D:@? E@ D@>6 dg 7@FCE9\ E9C@F89 6:89E9\8C256CD H9@ 4@>6 7C@> 2D 72C 2H2J 2D %6I2D 2?5 pC:K@?2 E@ =:G6 2?5 =62C? 2E E96 D49@@=] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%2??6C #233:E9625[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H29A6E@?52:=J?6HD]4@>^?6HD^?6H\AC:?4:A2=\46@\2E\4:C4=6\@7\?2E:@?D^2CE:4=604`3722d_\2df3\``6g\2c44\3722g_caf`hh]9E>=Qmrt~k^2m @7 r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D[ 24<?@H=6586D E96 52C< 9:DE@CJ @7 E96 7656C2= 3@2C5:?8 D49@@= DJDE6>] qFE 96’D 252>2?E E92E E9@D6 :DDF6D 2C6 “:? E96 A2DE ?@H[” 6G6? 2D C6A@CED @7 23FD6 2?5 ?68=64E 92G6 A6CD:DE65 E9C@F89@FE E96 qxt 2?5 2D 2==682E:@?D E92E r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D D49@@= 92D 72:=65 E@ AC@E64E DEF56?ED 92G6 2C:D6?]k^Am
Administrators of Circle of Nations School, a tribally operated BIE school in Wahpeton, North Dakota, offered a Lee Enterprises reporter and photographer a tour of the campus in December 2023.
k9a 5:ClQ=ECQmp==682E:@?D A6CD:DE E92E qxt D49@@=D F?D276k^9am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmp =2HDF:E 7:=65 @? 3692=7 @7 2 DEF56?E H9@ H2D 2==6865=J C2A65 2E r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D :? a_`f 4=2:>65 E96 qxt H2D ?68=:86?E :? 72:=:?8 E@ 6?DFC6 DEF56?ED H6C6 256BF2E6=J DFA6CG:D65 2E E96 D49@@= 2?5 72:=65 E@ AC@G:56 2 D276 6?G:C@?>6?E 7@C DEF56?ED] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%96 A=2:?E:77 :? E96 42D6 2=D@ 2==6865 E92E E96 qxt “<?6H[ @C D9@F=5 92G6 <?@H?[ @7 E96 >2?J @E96C :?4:56?ED @44FCC:?8 FA@? E96 r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D 42>AFD[ 2?5 @7 H9:49 E96 A6CA6EC2E@CD H6C6 2 A2CE[ E92E :?G@=G65 D:>:=2C[ D6IF2= 3692G:@C 2?5 C6A@CED :?5:42E:?8 E96 A6CA6EC2E@CD 92G6 244@DE65 @E96C DEF56?ED :? E96 A2DE]” p ;F586 F=E:>2E6=J 5:D>:DD65 E96 DF:E @G6C 2 =24< @7 ;FC:D5:4E:@?]k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmp J62C =2E6C[ :? a_`g[ 2 `b\J62C\@=5 5:65 3J DF:4:56 2E r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm$@@? 27E6C[ 2 =@42= E6=6G:D:@? DE2E:@?[ z'{*[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]G2==6J?6HD=:G6]4@>^4@?E6?E^?6HD^$@>6\7@C>6C\r:C4=6\@7\}2E:@?D\DE277\D2J\23FD6\?68=64E\=65\E@\C646?E\562E9\\cfbcfchgb]9E>=QmC6A@CE65k^2m E92E “D6G6C2= 7@C>6C 6>A=@J66D” @7 E96 D49@@= E@=5 E96 DE2E:@? E96J “EC:65 E@ 5@ D@>6E9:?8 23@FE =24< @7 AC@E64E:@? 7@C <:5D 2E H92E D@>6 92G6 42==65 2 =@?8\EC@F3=65 D49@@=]” $@>6 @7 E96D6 6>A=@J66D C6A@CE65=J 4=2:>65 “E96J =@DE E96:C ;@3D W3642FD6 E96J H6C6X ECJ:?8 E@ 86E >@C6 DFA6CG:D:@? 7@C E96 49:=5C6?]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmx? |2J @7 a_`g[ 5FC:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]8@G:?7@]8@G^4@?E6?E^A<8^rw#v\``dD9C8bbgbd^9E>=^rw#v\``dD9C8bbgbd]9E>Qm2 962C:?8k^2m @? D276EJ 2?5 D64FC:EJ 2E qxt\7F?565 2?5 \@A6C2E65 D49@@=D[ }@CE9 s2<@E2’D E96?\$6?] w6:5: w6:E<2>A C676C6?465 E96 562E9 2E r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D 2D H6== 2D “C6A@CED @7 49:=5 23FD6 2E E96 D49@@=]Qk^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm#233:E9625 AFD965 324< @? E96 :562 E92E E96 562E9[ E96 =2HDF:E 2?5 E96 244FD2E:@?D @7 DE277 ?68=64E C6AC6D6?E DJDE6>:4 :DDF6D 2E r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmw6 D2:5 E96D6 H6C6 “:D@=2E65” :?4:56?ED 2?5 E92E 2==682E:@?D @7 DE277 >:D4@?5F4E H6C6 E@E2==J F?7@F?565] #233:E9625 4=2:>65 E96 E62496CD H9@ >256 244FD2E:@?D E@ E96 =@42= %' DE2E:@? H6C6 “5:D8CF?E=65]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmpD 7@C E96 =2HDF:E[ 96 D2:5[ :E H2D 2? :==68:E:>2E6 4=2:> 7:=65 3J E96 DEF56?E’D 8F2C5:2?[ H9@> #233:E9625 4=2:>D H2D “=@@<:?8 E@ >2<6 2 BF:4< 5@==2C @? E96 D49@@=’D 244@F?E]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm&=E:>2E6=J[ 96 D2:5[ r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D “DEF56?ED 2C6 D276]”k^Am
Tanner Rabbithead, CEO of the Circle of Nations School in Wahpeton, North Dakota, speaks in his office on campus.
Tom Stromme, Bismarck Tribune
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“(6’G6 7=:AA65 E96 H9@=6 D4C:AE ?@H[” #233:E9625 D2:5] Q(6 H2?E E@ 3C:?8 E96 <:5D 96C6[ H2?E E96> E@ 36 AC@F5 @7 E96:C 4F=EFC6[ =62C? E96:C 4F=EFC6 H9:=6 E96J’C6 96C6[ 8:G6 E96> E96 4@A:?8 D<:==D E@ >@G6 @?E@ 9:89 D49@@=[ 4@==686[ 2?5 36 =6256CD @? E96:C C6D6CG2E:@?]” k^Am
k9a 5:ClQ=ECQmqxt D49@@=D 7246 564=:?:?8 6?C@==>6?Ek^9am
kAm#233:E9625’D >2:? 4@?46C? ?@H :D 564=:?:?8 6?C@==>6?E[ H9:49 96 D2:5 2AA62CD E@ 36 92AA6?:?8 E9C@F89@FE E96 qxt] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“(6’C6 @? 42==D H:E9 E96 qxt D49@@=D[ 2?5 H6’C6 D66:?8 E92E 24C@DD E96 &]$][” #233:E9625 D2:5] “%96C6’D 2 9:89 D49@@= E92E @?=J 92D `_ DEF56?ED C:89E ?@H] p?@E96C D49@@= 92D b_]”k^Am
kA 4=2DDlQE?4>D\:?=:?6\=:?<Qmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^H:C6]=66]?6E^E?4>D^2DD6E^65:E@C:2=^__3e7433\hgf3\dd_f\2eae\_d`32c3`ae`_Qm$276EJ @7 }2E:G6 p>6C:42? D49@@=49:=5C6? C6A62E65=J 4@>AC@>:D65 F?56C 8@G6C?>6?E H2E49k^2mk^Am
kA 4=2DDlQE?4>D\:?=:?6\=:?<Qmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^H:C6]=66]?6E^E?4>D^2DD6E^65:E@C:2=^ggcf4c3g\_4hf\d225\hhf7\e6_77_65h`faQm$64C64J D9C@F5D C6A@CED @7 23FD6[ 92C> E@ }2E:G6 p>6C:42? D49@@=49:=5C6?k^2mk^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm(9:=6 E96 qxt’D a_ab k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]5@:]8@G^D:E6D^5@:]8@G^7:=6D^7Ja_ab\3:6\8C66?3@@<]A57Qm3F586E ;FDE:7:42E:@?k^2m DE2E6D E92E E96 3FC62F D6CG6D “cd[___ 6=6>6?E2CJ 2?5 D64@?52CJ DEF56?ED[” y6??:76C |] q6==[ E96 qxt’D 4@>>F?:42E:@?D 5:C64E@C[ D2:5 E96 DEF56?E 4@F?E H2D ;FDE bf[`_a :? $6AE6>36C[ 2 567:4:E @7 ?62C=J `gT] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm{2E6C[ 9@H6G6C[ q6== D2:5 E92E E9:D ?F>36C “C6AC6D6?ED 2 D:?8=6 A@:?E :? E:>6 7@C <:?56C82CE6?\`aE9 8C256 @?=J 2?5 5@6D ?@E :?4=F56 E96 ?F>36C @7 DEF56?ED DFAA@CE65 :? 62C=J 49:=59@@5 AC@8C2>D[ A@DE\D64@?52CJ DEF56?ED[ @C DEF56?ED H9@ H6C6 D6CG65 7@C A2CE @7 E96 D49@@= J62C 3FE ?@E 5FC:?8 E92E >@?E9]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“u@C $49@@= *62C a_aa\a_ab[” q6== 25565[ “qxt 7F?5:?8 H:== DFAA@CE 2? 6DE:>2E65 cd[ffh :?5:G:5F2= DEF56?ED @G6C E96 J62C]”k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmq67@C6 E96 A2?56>:4[ #233:E9625 D2:5[ r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D 925 `ff DEF56?ED] sFC:?8 E96 A2?56>:4[ E92E ?F>36C 5C@AA65 :?E@ E96 b_D] }@H[ 96 D2:5[ 6?C@==>6?E :D “D=@H=J 4C66A:?8 FA[” E9@F89 E96 D49@@= 4FCC6?E=J D6CG6D 76H6C E92? e_ 49:=5C6?] k^Am
The Keeble Dormitory at the Circle of Nations School in Wahpeton, North Dakota, is named for Woodrow Keeble, a Medal of Honor winner and decorated veteran of the Korean War. The dormitory houses both girls and boys in grades four through eight.
Tom Stromme, Bismarck Tribune
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%96 42FD6[ 96 D2:5[ :D ?@E ;FDE r~'xs 3FE 2=D@ E96 &]$] s6A2CE>6?E @7 E96 x?E6C:@C’D u656C2= x?5:2? q@2C5:?8 $49@@= k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3:2]8@G^D6CG:46^7656C2=\:?5:2?\3@2C5:?8\D49@@=\:?:E:2E:G6Qmx?:E:2E:G6k^2m E92E’D F?56CH2J] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%96 x?E6C:@C s6A2CE>6?E[ H9:49 :?4=F56D E96 qxt[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3:2]8@G^D6CG:46^7656C2=\:?5:2?\3@2C5:?8\D49@@=\:?:E:2E:G6Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Qm92D D2:5k^2m E96 :?:E:2E:G6 2:>D E@ “C64@8?:K6 E96 EC@F3=65 =6824J @7 7656C2= x?5:2? 3@2C5:?8 D49@@= A@=:4:6D[” 255C6DD “E96:C :?E6C86?6C2E:@?2= :>A24E” 2?5 “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3:2]8@G^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^5FA^:?=:?6\7:=6D^3D:0:?G6DE:82E:G60C6A@CE0>2J0a_aa0d_g]A57QmD965 =:89Ek^2m @? E96 EC2F>2D @7 E96 A2DE]”k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%92E C64<@?:?8 H:E9 E96 A2DE[ #233:E9625 D2:5[ “E@@< 2 E@==” @? E@52J’D D49@@=D[ 5C658:?8 FA “E96 9:556? EC2F>2 E92E 4@>6D H:E9 3@2C5:?8 D49@@=D E92E E96 2?46DE@CD H6?E E9C@F89]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%@ AC@G:56 E9@D6 @AA@CEF?:E:6D 2?5 3@@DE 6?C@==>6?E[ #233:E9625 D2:5[ E96 D49@@= 92D 2=E6C65 :ED 25>:DD:@?D A@=:4:6D 2?5 “EC2?D:E:@?65 ?@H E@ <:?5 @7 2446AE:?8 6G6CJ3@5J] p?5 E96? H6’C6 8@:?8 E@ 96=A E96> H:E9 H92E6G6C :DDF6D E96J 4@>6 H:E9]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%9@D6 :DDF6D 42? 36 492==6?8:?8[ 2D >2?J DEF56?ED 3C:?8 E@ 42>AFD “=@ED @7 EC2F>2” 7C@> E9@D6 5:77:4F=E A2DED[ #233:E9625 D2:5] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“p?5 x’G6 366? E96C6[” 96 D2:5] “x’G6 =:G65 @? E96 C6D6CG2E:@?[ D@ x <?@H H96C6 @FC DEF56?ED 2C6 4@>:?8 7C@>] x C6=2E6 E@ E96:C A2DE] *@F E9:?< 23@FE E96 C6D6CG2E:@?D C:89E ?@H[ J@F’G6 8@E 5CF8 2?5 2=4@9@= :DDF6D 8@:?8 @?] *@F 92G6 A@G6CEJ]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm~7 E96 D49@@=’D 2AAC@I:>2E6=J dg 4FCC6?E DEF56?ED[ a` 2C6 “4@?D:56C65 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?=4]@C8^2CE:4=6^a_ab^_b^`d^C@@E65\:?\EC2F>2\9@>6=6DD?6DD\:?\?2E:G6\4@>>F?:E:6D^Qm9@>6=6DDk^2m[” #233:E9625 D2:5]k^Am
k9a 5:ClQ=ECQm}F>36C @7 :?4:56?ED D9@H }2E:G6 J@FE9 VD4C62>:?8 7@C 96=AVk^9am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm|F=E:A=6 6IA6CED :?E6CG:6H65 7@C E9:D D6C:6D D2:5 :E’D :>A@CE2?E E@ G:6H E96 7:?5:?8D @7 E9:D {66 t?E6CAC:D6D :?G6DE:82E:@? H:E9:? E96 =2C86C 4@?E6IE #233:E9625 56D4C:365] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm#2E6D @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H2D9:?8E@?A@DE]4@>^C^a_`_\a_`h^(2D9:?8E@?!@DE^a_`c^``^`f^}2E:@?2=\$64FC:EJ^vC2A9:4D^#6A@CE0C6d]A57Qm49:=5 23FD6k^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^A>4^2CE:4=6D^!|rg_hgebc^Qm25G6CD6 49:=59@@5 6IA6C:6?46Dk^2m[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^86?56C]DE2?7@C5]65F^?6HD^C2E6D\DF:4:56\?2E:G6\2>6C:42?\J@FE9\:?4C62D6\4F=EFC6\<6J\AC6G6?E:@?QmDF:4:56k^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D2>9D2]8@G^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^AC@8C2>D042>A2:8?D^EC:32=0EC2:?:?8^2>6C:42?0:?5:2?0J@FE904FCC6?E02?509:DE@C:42=0EC2F>]A57QmEC2F>2k^2m 2C6 5:DAC@A@CE:@?2E6=J 9:89 2>@?8 }2E:G6 p>6C:42? 49:=5C6?[ 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?2>:]@C8^*@FC\y@FC?6J^x56?E:EJ\2?5\rF=EFC2=\s:>6?D:@?D^x?5:86?@FDQm32CC:6CDk^2m E@ >F49\?66565 >6?E2=\ 2?5 3692G:@C2=\962=E9 D6CG:46D 2C6 92C5 E@ @G6C4@>6] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQms@=@C6D $F3:2 q:87@@E[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^>65:4:?6]@F9D4]65F^p4256>:4\s6A2CE>6?ED^!DJ49:2ECJ\2?5\q692G:@C2=\$4:6?46D^%C2:?:?8\2?5\t5F42E:@?\!C@8C2>D^#6D:56?4J\:?\r=:?:42=\!DJ49@=@8J^u24F=EJ^5@=@C6D\DF3:2\3:87@@E\A95\`Qm5:C64E@Ck^2m @7 E96 x?5:2? r@F?ECJ r9:=5 %C2F>2 r6?E6C[ D2:5 qxt D49@@=D 2C6 D6CG:?8 “3J 567:?:E:@? — ;FDE 9:DE@C:42==J — 49:=5C6? H9@ 92G6 925 2 9:89 C2E6 @7 6IA@DFC6 E@ EC2F>2 2?5 W2C6X :? 2 A@E6?E:2= 7@C 2 9:89 ?665 7@C D6CG:46D]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmq:87@@E 2=D@ ?@E65 E92E 2 =24< @7 D:>:=2C 52E2 7C@> @E96C D49@@=D >2<6D :E 5:77:4F=E E@ :?E6CAC6E H92E E96 ?F>36C @7 C6A@CED 56D:8?2E65 7@C 23FD6[ ?68=64E 2?5 =:76\E9C62E6?:?8 :?4:56?ED 2E qxt D49@@=D C62==J >62?D] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“x’> ?@E 7@C DFC6 H92E :E D9@HD[” D96 D2:5] “*@F ?665 E@ 92G6 D@>6 <:?5 @7 4@>A2C:D@? E@ 36 23=6 E@ DA64F=2E6 W23@FE H96E96CX E96J’C6 9:896C[ =@H6C @C D@CE @7 E96 ?@C>]”k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmp?5 E96 qxt 92D H@C<65 E@ :>AC@G6 DEF56?E @FE4@>6D[ AC@>@E:?8 x?5:86?@FD k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?AC]@C8^EC2?D4C:AED^``ddfabhaaQm4F=EFC6k^2m 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3:2]8@G^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^5FA^2DD6ED^AF3=:4^C242^?2E:@?2=0A@=:4J0>6>@C2?52^A57^:54`\_b`ggc0_]A57Qm=2?8F286k^2m[ :>A=6>6?E:?8 :? a_a` 2 ?6H DJDE6> E@ EC24< DEF56?E 249:6G6>6?E :? 4@>A=:2?46 H:E9 E96 7656C2= k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]65]8@G^6DD2nDC4lC?QmtG6CJ $EF56?E $F44665D p4Ek^2m[ :?G6DE:?8 :? D49@@= k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]74?=]@C8^FA52E6D^a_`e\`_^E6?\3:6\D49@@=D\49@D6?\C6A=246>6?EQm4@?DECF4E:@?k^2m[ 2?5 =2F?49:?8 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^3:639HA]4@>^Qmq692G:@C2= w62=E9 2?5 (6==?6DD !C@8C2>k^2m E@ AC@G:56 G:CEF2= 4@F?D6=:?8 2?5 @?\D:E6 4C:D:D D6CG:46D E@ DEF56?ED] k^Am
The Bureau of Indian Education
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“$6CG:46D AC@G:565 E9C@F89 E96 q692G:@C2= w62=E9 2?5 (6==?6DD !C@8C2> 2C6 E2:=@C65 E@ >66E E96 F?:BF6 2?5 5:G6CD6 >6?E2=[ 4F=EFC2=[ DA:C:EF2=[ 6>@E:@?2= 2?5 D@4:2= ?665D @7 x?5:86?@FD 4@>>F?:E:6D D6CG65 3J qxt[” 2 3FC62F DA@<6DA6CD@? HC@E6 :? C6DA@?D6 E@ 2 BF6DE:@? 23@FE H96E96C E96 AC@8C2> 925 D9@H? :>AC@G6>6?ED :? @FE4@>6D] “%96 AC@8C2> H2D C646?E=J 6IA2?565 E@ :?4=F56 E6=6\3692G:@C2= 962=E9 4@F?D6=:?8 7@4FD65 @? AC@G:5:?8 D9@CE\E6C>[ D@=FE:@?\7@4FD65 2?5 4F=EFC2==J D6?D:E:G6 G:CEF2= 4@F?D6=:?8 2D H6== 2D 2 qxt\DA64:7:4 ac^f 4C:D:D 9@E=:?6 2?5 @?D:E6 4C:D:D DFAA@CE H96? ?66565]”k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmqFE '6C@?:42 |@C=6J[ DFA6C:?E6?56?E @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A:=4]<`a]D5]FD^Qm!:6CC6 x?5:2? {62C?:?8 r6?E6Ck^2m[ 2 EC:32==J @A6C2E65 qxt 3@2C5:?8 D49@@= :? E96 $@FE9 s2<@E2 42A:E2=[ D2:5 E96C6 2C6 AC24E:42= 32CC:6CD E@ 24EF2==J AC@G:5:?8 E96 4@F?D6=:?8 D6CG:46D E96 qxt 7F?5D] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“s@ H6 92G6 E96 4@F?D6=:?8 C6D@FC46D ?646DD2CJ E@ >66E E96 ?665D @7 @FC 49:=5C6?n x H@F=5 D2J 7:?2?4:2==J[ J6D[” D96 D2:5] “%96 3FC62F :D 5@:?8 2 G6CJ 8@@5 ;@3 23@FE >2<:?8 DFC6 E92E D49@@=D 2C6 AC@G:565 H:E9 E96 7F?5:?8 ?646DD2CJ E@ 2446DD C6D@FC46D] uC@> E96 DE2?5A@:?E @7 24EF2==J 36:?8 23=6 E@ G:23=J 2?5 A9JD:42==J 2446DD E9@D6 C6D@FC46D[ ?@]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm!2CE @7 E96 AC@3=6>[ |@C=6J D2:5[ :D E92E qxt k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]647C]8@G^4FCC6?E^E:E=6\ad^492AE6C\x^DF3492AE6C\t^A2CE\beQmC68F=2E:@?Dk^2m C6BF:C6 E92E >@DE 3692G:@C2= 962=E9 D6CG:46D :? 3@2C5:?8 D49@@=D 2?5 5@C>D 36 AC@G:565 27E6C D49@@= 9@FCD[ H96? :E :D 6IEC6>6=J 5:77:4F=E E@ 7:?5 BF2=:7:65 2?5 :?\56>2?5 4@F?D6=@CD] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“$@ E96C6 2C6 6IEC6>6 492==6?86D C:89E E96C6[” |@C=6J D2:5[ “2?5 E9@D6 C6BF:C6>6?ED 2C6 HC:EE6? DA64:7:42==J :?E@ E96 r@56 @7 u656C2= #68F=2E:@?D] $@ E96C6 2C6 D@>6 :?E6C6DE:?8 :?EC:424:6D E92E 7246 qxt D49@@=D 2?5 AC@8C2>D E92E x E9:?< 4@?EC:3FE6 G6CJ >F49 E@ E9@D6 DE2E:DE:4D[ E92E 2C6 ?@E ?646DD2C:=J E96 72F=E @7 E96 qFC62F @7 x?5:2? t5F42E:@? 9:89\FA 25>:?:DEC2E@CD ?@C E96 D49@@=D 2?5 AC@8C2>D E96>D6=G6D]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm|@C=6J D2:5 2 =24< @7 >6?E2=\962=E9 D6CG:46D 7@C }2E:G6 p>6C:42?D :D 2 AC@3=6> E92E 6IE6?5D 72C 36J@?5 E96 qxt[ @?6 E92E =625D E@ =@?8 H2:E:?8 =:DED 7@C “<:5D E@ 86E :?E@ >6?E2= 962=E9 4@F?D6=:?8 :? E96:C 9@>6 4@>>F?:E:6D] xE’D C:5:4F=@FD] p?5 6G6? @?46 E96J 86E D66?[ :E’D @?46 2 >@?E9 H96? E96D6 49:=5C6? H@F=5 C62==J 36?67:E 7C@> EH@ 9@FCD 2 H66<] $@ E92E :D 2 D:8?:7:42?E :DDF6]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“%96 @E96C D:8?:7:42?E :DDF6 :D E92E @FC D@4:2= D6CG:46 H@C<6CD 2C6 23D@=FE6=J @G6CH96=>65[” |@C=6J D2:5] “%96 42D6=@25D @7 E96 :?5:G:5F2=D H:E9 H9@> H6 H@C< — 2?5 H6 4@@C5:?2E6 H:E9 @FC G2C:@FD EC:32= @77:46D — 2C6 ;FDE F?36=:6G23=6]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm(:E9 DF49 5:77:4F=EJ >66E:?8 E96 56>2?5 7@C >6?E2=\962=E9 C6D@FC46D[ D@>6 D2J E96 ?F>36C @7 23FD6[ ?68=64E 2?5 =:76\E9C62E6?:?8 :?4:56?E C6A@CED :56?E:7:65 :? E9:D D6C:6D 2C6 2 D:8? E92E E96 qxt :D DECF88=:?8 E@ 96=A }2E:G6 49:=5C6? H9@ 4@?E:?F6 E@ 766= E96 9:DE@C:42= 2?5 :?E6C86?6C2E:@?2= EC2F>2 @7 E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D’ =@?8 >:DEC62E>6?E @7 }2E:G6 p>6C:42?D 2?5 @7 }2E:G6 J@FE9[ :? A2CE:4F=2C] k^Am
The common area of the girls' living area at the Circle of Nations school in Wahpeton, North Dakota, resembles a college dormitory.
Tom Stromme, Bismarck Tribune
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm$2>F6= %@CC6D[ 56AFEJ 49:67 6I64FE:G6 @77:46C 7@C E96 }2E:@?2= }2E:G6 p>6C:42? q@2C5:?8 $49@@= w62=:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^3@2C5:?8D49@@=962=:?8]@C8^Qmr@2=:E:@?k^2m[ D2:5 E96 ?F>36C @7 C6A@CED “2C6 G6CJ >F49 2? :?5:42E@C @7 E96 4@?E:?F65 :>A24ED @7 E96 =6824J @7 x?5:2? 3@2C5:?8 D49@@=D]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmq6EH66? a__g 2?5 >:5\a_ab[ >@C6 E92? b[e__ rC:E:42= x?4:56?E 2?5 s62E9 C6A@CED H6C6 7:=65 2E ;FDE E96 dd qxt\@A6C2E65 D49@@=D[ 3FC62F @77:4:2=D E@=5 {66 t?E6CAC:D6D] x? 255:E:@?[ E9@FD2?5D @7 $FDA64E65 r9:=5 p3FD6^}68=64E C6A@CED[ H9:49 42? A6CE2:? E@ :?4:56?ED E92E @44FCC65 H:E9:? @C @FED:56 @7 qxt D49@@=D[ H6C6 7:=65 2E E96D6 dd D49@@=D :? E9:D `d\J62C A6C:@5] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmp7E6C :?:E:2==J AFEE:?8 E96 ?F>36C 2E 36EH66? `_[___ 2?5 `d[___ C6A@CED[ E96 qxt =2E6C D2:5 E96 ?F>36C H2D f[afg] %96 qxt 2=D@ D2:5 `[bhh t>A=@J66 x?4:56?E #6A@CED[ H9:49 A6CE2:? E@ G6C32= 2?5 6>@E:@?2= 23FD6 @7 DEF56?ED[ H6C6 7:=65 2E E96D6 D49@@=D :? E9:D E:>6 A6C:@5[ 3FE =2E6C C6G:D65 E92E ?F>36C E@ dhh] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“(96? H6 D66 E96 ?F>36CD[ E@ >6 E92E :D 2? 6IAC6DD:@? @7 @FC J@FE9 D4C62>:?8 7@C 96=A[” k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^3@2C5:?8D49@@=962=:?8]@C8^23@FE\FD^3@2C5\2?5\DE277^D2>F6=\3\E@CC6D\65\5^Qm%@CC6Dk^2m D2:5] “p?5 @7E6? E96J 2C6 ?@E 4@?7C@?E65 H:E9 E96 C6D@FC46D :? @C56C E@ W2446DDX E92E W96=AX @C E96 @AA@CEF?:E:6D E@ >62?:?87F==J 962= 7C@> 2 EC2F>2 E92E 92D 366? A2DD65 5@H? E@ E96>] $@ :E AC6D6?ED FD H:E9 2? @AA@CEF?:EJ E@ 8@ 36J@?5 E96 >@56= E92E 92D 366? AC6D4C:365 7@C FD[ E@ 2D< 2?5 56>2?5 7@C 72C >@C6 E92? H92E H6 92G6 366? 2==@42E65]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“x 36=:6G6 E92E E96C6 2C6 8@@5 A6@A=6 :? E96 3FC62F H9@ H2?E E96 36DE 7@C 49:=5C6?[” %@CC6D 25565] “qFE x 2=D@ C64@8?:K6 E92E 8@G6C?>6?E 286?4:6D 2?5 6G6? }2E:G6D :? 8@G6C?>6?E C:89E ?@H @7E6? 766= DEC2AA65 7@C C6D@FC46D 2?5 2C6 =:>:E65 3J E96 4@?7:?6D @7 E96 DECF4EFC6 E92E E96J 6I:DE :?]”k^Am
k9a 5:ClQ=ECQm$49@@=D =24< >@?6J E@ A2J DE277 4@>A6E:E:G6=Jk^9am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%96 “AC:>2CJ 7F?5:?8 D@FC46 7@C qxt\7F?565 6=6>6?E2CJ 2?5 D64@?52CJ D49@@=D” :D <?@H? 2D E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]647C]8@G^4FCC6?E^E:E=6\ad^492AE6C\x^DF3492AE6C\t^A2CE\bhQmx?5:2? $49@@= tBF2=:K2E:@? !C@8C2>k^2m[ 244@C5:?8 E@ 3FC62F k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]3:6]65F^D:E6D^5672F=E^7:=6D^:?=:?6\7:=6D^x$t!Ta_u@C>F=2Ta_uF?5DTa_\Ta_{:DE6?:?8Ta_$6DD:@?Ta_!C6D6?E2E:@?Ta__c]a_]a`0d_gTa_p446DD:3:=:EJTa_r@>A=6E6Ta_Tag`Tah]A57Qm5@4F>6?EDk^2m] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmqFE #233:E9625 D2:5 E92E AC@8C2> 5@6D?’E @776C E96 C6D@FC46D 9:D D49@@= ?665D] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“%92E ?665D E@ 36 :?4C62D65[” #233:E9625 D2:5] “%92E’D =:<6 @FC 5@C>:E@CJ DE277[ @FC 9@>6\=:G:?8 2DD:DE2?ED] %96J’C6 8@:?8 @77 @7 E96 Wr@56 @7 u656C2= #68F=2E:@?DX[ 2?5 H92E E96J AC@G:56 E96 D49@@=D W7@C A2JX :D ;FDE ?@E 6?@F89 E@ 4@>A6E6 H:E9 =6E’D D2J (2=>2CE @C |4s@?2=5VD[ qFC86C z:?8] ~FC 5@C> DE277 42? 8@ E96C6 2?5 86E A2:5 >@C6] p?5 E92E’D 366? 3C@F89E FA :? D@>6 @7 E96 qxt 42==D @G6C E96 =2DE 4@FA=6 J62CD]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm$ECF88=6D H:E9 DE277:?8 2C6 ?@E =:>:E65 E@ r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D @C E@ qxt 5@C>D] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%96 &]$] k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]82@]8@G^2DD6ED^82@\aa\`_e`_c]A57Qmv@G6C?>6?E p44@F?E23:=:EJ ~77:46k^2m 7@F?5 E92E “2D @7 |2J a_aa[ qxt’D @G6C2== DE277 G242?4J C2E6 :D 23@FE bb A6C46?E] … uFCE96C>@C6[ qxt’D $49@@= ~A6C2E:@?D s:G:D:@?[ H9:49 AC@G:56D G:E2= 25>:?:DEC2E:G6 DFAA@CE E@ D49@@=D[ 92D 2 G242?4J C2E6 ?@H @7 23@FE cd A6C46?E] (6 36=:6G6 E92E 9:89 DE277 G242?4J C2E6D D:8?:7:42?E=J :?9:3:E qxt’D 42A24:EJ E@ DFAA@CE 2?5 @G6CD66 D49@@=D]”k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQms6DA:E6 DF49 @?\ 2?5 @77\42>AFD 492==6?86D[ z2AA6D D2:5[ r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D 5@6D 2== :E 42? E@ AC@G:56 DEF56?ED H:E9 2 DFAA@CE:G6[ ?FCEFC:?8 6?G:C@?>6?E] k^Am
k9a 5:ClQ=ECQmw:89 ?F>36C @7 DEF56?ED 92G6 DA64:2= ?665D k^9am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“$@ E92E’D H96C6 E92E 72>:=J E92E H6 E2=< 23@FE :D D@ :>A@CE2?E[” z2AA6D D2:5[ “3642FD6 H96? J@F 4@>6 :? 2?5 92G6 D@>6 @7 E92E EC2F>2 :? J@FC =:76 E@ DE2CE[ J@F ?665 E92E DFAA@CE DJDE6> 2?5 E92E’D H92E E96 DE277 96C6 ?665 E@ 36 — 2?5 2C6 — G6CJ 8@@5 2Ei 36:?8 E92E DFAA@CE DJDE6>[ E92E DE23=6 6?G:C@?>6?E 7@C E96>]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm#233:E9625 D2:5 D@>6 DEF56?ED 2C6 :?G@=G65 H:E9 82?8D H96? E96J 2CC:G6[ 56DA:E6 @?=J 36:?8 :? >:55=6 D49@@=] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“(6’== D66 E96 3F==J:?8[ E96 G:@=6?46[” 96 D2:5] “p?5 E92E’D D@>6E9:?8 E92E H6 255C6DD C:89E 2H2J]”k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmw6 D2:5 E96 D49@@= 2=D@ @776CD 82?8 EC2:?:?8 E@ DE277 2?5 3C:?8D :? 5CF8 5@8D 2E E96 DE2CE @7 E96 J62C E@ “D62C49 E96 =F88286 2?5 E96 DEF56?ED]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmr:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D’ DE277 2=D@ H@C< H:E9 DEF56?ED H9@ 92G6 24256>:4 :DDF6D[ 244@C5:?8 E@ %C6G@C v@FC?62F[ E96 D49@@=’D k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H29A6E@?52:=J?6HD]4@>^?6HD^?6H\AC:?4:A2=\46@\2E\4:C4=6\@7\?2E:@?D^2CE:4=604`3722d_\2df3\``6g\2c44\3722g_caf`hh]9E>=QmAC:?4:A2=k^2m] k^Am
Circle of Nations School principal Trevor Gourneau recalls recent students who have attended the tribally operated BIE boarding school in Wahpeton, North Dakota. He said he follows students' progress after they move on to high school.
Tom Stromme
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“%96 7:CDE 492==6?86 H6 D66 :D 82AD[” v@FC?62F D2:5] “%96C6’D 2 =@E @7 82AD :? =62C?:?8] %96J 4@>6 96C6j H6 92G6 6:89E9 8C256CD 2E 2 7@FCE9\8C256 =6G6=] (6’G6 8@EE2 4=@D6 82AD[ 3642FD6 @7 E96 =2AD6 :? D49@@=] p =@E @7 @FC <:5D 92G6 ECF2?4J] %96J 5@?’E 8@ E@ D49@@=]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmqFE 2E E96 3@2C5:?8 D49@@=[ 96 D2:5[ E96J “92G6 ?@ 49@:46” 6I46AE E@ 2EE6?5 4=2DD] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmw6 D2:5 2DD6DD>6?ED @7 ?6H DEF56?ED 42? C6G62= @E96C :DDF6D] w6 6DE:>2E65 E92E 23@FE b_T E@ c_T @7 E96 DEF56?ED 2E r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D 92G6 DA64:2= ?665D[ E9@F89 E96J @7E6? 92G6?’E 366? C646:G:?8 E96 D6CG:46D E96J ?665 2?5 2CC:G6 H:E9@FE 2? :?5:G:5F2=:K65 65F42E:@? AC@8C2>[ @C xt!] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“%96J 76== E9C@F89 E96 4C24<D 2?5 E96J 5@?’E 92G6 2? xt![” v@FC?62F D2:5] “p? xt! :D 7@C DA64:2= 65F42E:@?[ D@ H6 >2<6 DFC6 H6 7:?5 E9@D6 DEF56?ED]” k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmv@FC?62F D2:5 9:D D49@@= :D 4@>>:EE65 E@ 2DD6DD:?8 DEF56?ED 2?5 6?DFC:?8 E96J 2C6 @? E96 A2E9 E@ :>AC@G6>6?E]k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“~FC E6DE D4@C6D D@>6E:>6D 2C6 =@H[ 3FE @FC 8C@HE9 :D 8@@5[” 96 D2:5] “(6 2=H2JD 8C@H @? 6249 E6DE D4@C6[ D@ E92E >62?D H6’C6 :>AC@G:?8]” k^Am
Trevor Gourneau, principal of Circle of Nations School in Wahpeton, North Dakota, speaks before a rack of traditional regalia used for student cultural activities.
Tom Stromme, Bismarck Tribune
k9a 5:ClQ=ECQm$EF56?ED 4:E6 4F=EFC2= @776C:?8D[ @FE:?8Dk^9am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmpD v@FC?62F[ z2AA6D 2?5 #233:E9625 =65 2 C6A@CE6C 2C@F?5 E96 D49@@=[ D9@H:?8 @77 E96 4@>AFE6C =23 2?5 E96 C@@> H96C6 DEF56?ED >2<6 EC25:E:@?2= }2E:G6 p>6C:42? 5C6DD6D[ 2 D6G6?E9\8C256C ?2>65 p?86= %C6=6J 2?5 2 D:IE9\8C256C ?2>65 !2E:6?46 qC@H? DE@AA65 E@ E2=<] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmpD<65 9@H E96J =:<6 E96 D49@@=[ %C6=6J 2?5 qC@H? D2:5 :E 42? 36 92C5 E@ 36 2H2J 7C@> 9@>6 2?5 72>:=J 3FE D2:5 E96J H6C6 92AAJ 2E E96 D49@@=] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm%C6=6J[ 2 >6>36C @7 E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]DH@\?D?]8@G^Qm$:DD6E@? (29A6E@? ~J2E6k^2m @7 E96 {2<6 %C2G6CD6 #6D6CG2E:@?[ 4:E65 E96 D49@@=’D 4F=EFC2= @776C:?8D] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmqC@H?[ 7C@> E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEAi^^HHH]DA:C:E=2<6?2E:@?]4@>^Qm$A:C:E {2<6 %C:36’Dk^2m C6D6CG2E:@? :? }@CE9 s2<@E2[ D2:5 D96 =:<6D E96 >2?J @FE:?8D E96 D49@@= E2<6D DEF56?ED @?[ H9:49 :?4=F56 EC:AD E@ H2E6C A2C<D 2?5 C@==6C C:?<D 2?5[ @?46 2 J62C[ 2 |:??6D@E2 %:>36CH@=G6D 82>6] k^Am
Students enjoy playing basketball in the Circle of Nations School gym in December. Fourth-grader Delayna Beaulieu, right, said her mother also attended the boarding school in Wahpeton, North Dakota. In back are Krius Haukaas, left, and Marlyssa Martin, both sixth graders.
Tom Stromme, Bismarck Tribune
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmx? E96 D49@@= 8J>[ 2 7:7E9\8C256C ?2>65 t=:52 s6=825@ E@@< 2 3C62< 7C@> A=2J:?8 32D<6E32== E@ E2=< 23@FE 96C 6IA6C:6?46 4@>:?8 7C@> E96 $A:C:E {2<6 C6D6CG2E:@?] s6=825@ D2:5 D96 42>6 27E6C 7:?5:?8 E96 D49@@= H63D:E6[ 2?5 E92E D96’D 8=25 D96 5:5] k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQm“xE’D 24EF2==J 366? AC6EEJ 7F?[” s6=825@ D2:5] “xE’D AC6EEJ 2>2K:?8] tG6CJ3@5J 86ED 2=@?8]”k^Am
kA 5:ClQ=ECQmpD<65 :7 D96’5 C64@>>6?5 2EE6?5:?8 r:C4=6 @7 }2E:@?D E@ 7C:6?5D 324< 9@>6 :? u@CE %@EE6?[ s6=825@ D2:5[ “x’5 E6== V6>[ ‘*629[ J@F D9@F=5] xE’D 2 AC6EEJ 8C62E 6IA6C:6?46]V Qk^Am
From left, Tanner Rabbithead, Trevor Gourneau and Chris Kappes hold a photograph from 1930 of what is now the Circle of Nations School.
Tom Stromme, Bismarck Tribune
In this Series
Updated
Dec 20, 2024
Updated
Nov 30, 2024
Updated
Nov 30, 2024
8 updates
Be the first to know
Get local news delivered to your inbox!