Who were the city founders

kAm%96 D6G6? 7@F?56CD 925 2== 366? 3@C? :? }6H t?8=2?5 @C FADE2E6 }6H *@C< 2?5 925 >@G65 E@ E96 ?6H W`gbbX G:==286 @7 r9:428@ H96C6 E96 r9:428@ #:G6C 6?E6CD {2<6 |:49:82?[ fa >:=6D D@FE962DE @7 H96C6 v6?6G2 H@F=5 36 6DE23=:D965 7@FC J62CD =2E6C] x? r9:428@ E96 D6G6? 3642>6 3FD:?6DD>6?[ AC:>2C:=J :?G@=G65 :? =2?5 DA64F=2E:@?] x? `gbe[ E96J AFC492D65 =2?5 7C@> E96 &]$] 8@G6C?>6?E 2E E96 9625 @7 E96 ?@CE962DE 32J @7 2 362FE:7F= =2<6 :? D@FE96C? (:D4@?D:?i 7C24E:@?2= D64E:@? be :? E@H?D9:A a ?@CE9 @7 C2?86 `f 62DE @7 E96 7@FCE9 AC:?4:A2= >6C:5:2?]k^Am

kAmx? `gbf[ E96 D6G6? 6?82865 E96 D6CG:46D @7 2 DFCG6J@C[ %9@>2D |4z2:8[ E@ =2J @FE 2 A=2E @7 E96 DEC66ED[ 2==6JD 2?5 =@ED @7 H92E H@F=5 364@>6 2 G:==286 @? E96 AC@A6CEJ E92E E96J 925 AFC492D65] |4z2:8’D A=2E H2D 4@>A=6E65 :? `gbg[ 3FE ?@E 7:=65 F?E:= `gc_] q67@C6 E96 A=2E 925 366? 7:=65[ p?5C6H u6C8FD@? D@=5 9:D `^f D92C6 @7 E96 AC@A6CEJ E@ 9:D 3C@E96C\:?\=2H[ {6H:D v@@5D6==[ 2?5 v@@5D6==’D 3FD:?6DD A2CE?6C[ v6@C86 r2>A36==]k^Am

kAm%96 3@F?52C:6D @7 E96 G:==286 6IE6?565 7C@> |2IH6== $EC66E @? E96 H6DE E@ }@CE9 $EC66E @? E96 ?@CE9 E@ $286 $EC66E @? E96 62DE 2?5 E@ E96 =2<6 D9@C6 @? E96 D@FE9] %96J 2=D@ 6IE6?565 D@FE962DE E@ :?4=F56 E@52J’D u=2E xC@? !2C<[ $6>:?2CJ !2C<[ 2?5 r2DD[ q2<6C[ 2?5 r2>A36== DEC66ED] x? 9:D A=2E[ H9:49 762EFC65 H:56 DEC66ED[ |4z2:8 56D:8?2E65 EH@ 3=@4<D 2D AF3=:4 DBF2C6D WE@52J’D |2A=6 !2C< 2?5 $6>:?2CJ !2C<X 2?5 2?@E96C 3=@4< 2D 2 46>6E6CJ 2E E96 72C ?@CE9H6DE 4@C?6C @7 E96 A=2E H9:49 E@52J :D E96 !:@?66C r6>6E6CJ]k^Am

kAm(9@ H6C6 E96 D6G6? 7@F?56CD @7 v6?6G2 2?5 H92E 92AA6?65 E@ E96>n ~?=J 7:G6 @7 E96 D6G6? 6G6C =:G65 :? v6?6G2] %96 EH@ H9@ 5:5 ?@E H6C6 v6@C86 r2>A36== W7@C H9@> r2>A36== $EC66E :D ?2>65X[ 2?5 r@=] y2>6D |2IH6==[ H9@ =:G65 2E E96 H6DE6C? 6?5 @7 v6?6G2 {2<6[ :? H92E :D E@52J u@?E2?2]k^Am

k9bmsC] !9:=:A |2IH6==k^9bm

kAmsC] !9:=:A |2IH6== 2?5 9:D 3C@E96C[ r@=] y2>6D |2IH6==[ 925 366? 3@C? :? vF:=7@C5[ (:?592> r@F?EJ[ '6C>@?E[ y2>6D :? `fgg 2?5 !9:=:A :? `fhh] !9:=:A |2IH6== E2F89E D49@@= 2D 2 J@F?8 >2?[ 3FE E96? 3682? >65:42= DEF5:6D :? r96CCJ '2==6J[ }6H *@C<[ 8C25F2E65 2D 2 A9JD:4:2? 2?5 DFC86@? 7C@> 2 >65:42= 4@==686 :? }6H *@C< r:EJ 2?5 D6E FA 2 >65:42= AC24E:46 :? $24<6EE’D w2C3@C[ }6H *@C<[ @? E96 D9@C6 @7 {2<6 ~?E2C:@[ H96C6 96 H2D 6=64E65 E@ E96 }6H *@C< $E2E6 {68:D=2EFC6]k^Am

kAmx? `gba sC] !9:=:A |2IH6== C646:G65 2 4@>>:DD:@? 2D 2? 2DD:DE2?E DFC86@? :? E96 &]$] pC>J 2?5[ 27E6C DA6?5:?8 D@>6 E:>6 2E (6DE !@:?E[ H2D EC2?D76CC65 :? `gbb E@ u@CE s62C3@C? :? r9:428@[ E96 J62C E92E E96 G:==286 @7 r9:428@ H2D 7@F?565] w6 DA6?E 7@FC J62CD 2E u@CE s62C3@C? 367@C6 36:?8 EC2?D76CC65 :? `gbf E@ u@CE w@H2C5 :? vC66? q2J[ (:D4@?D:?] xE H2D 5FC:?8 9:D E:>6 2E u@CE s62C3@C? E92E |2IH6== ;@:?65 H:E9 E96 D:I @E96C 7@F?56CD[ :?4=F5:?8 9:D 3C@E96C y2>6D[ E@ AFC492D6 E96 =2?5 E92E 3642>6 E96 G:==286 @7 v6?6G2] (:E9 9:D 3C@E96C[ |2IH6== 2=D@ AFC492D65 =2?5 2E E96 H6DE6C? 6?5 @7 v6?6G2 {2<6 :? u@?E2?2 2?5 @? E96 q:8 u@@E !C2:C:6[ H9:49 r@=] y2>6D |2IH6== >2?2865 H9:=6 !9:=:A D6CG65 :? E96 2C>J]k^Am

kAmx? `gbg E96 &]$] pC>J D6?E 9:> E@ u=@C:52 H96C6 96 A2CE:4:A2E65 :? E96 $6>:?@=6 (2C] p7E6C E96 $6>:?@=6 (2C[ 96 H2D D6?E E@ u@CE $>:E9[ pC<2?D2D[ H96C6 96 H2D AC@>@E65 E@ >2;@C] x? `gca 96 H2D 5:D492C865 7C@> E96 &]$] pC>J 2?5 C6EFC?65 E@ r9:428@ H96C6 96 6DE23=:D965 2 >65:42= AC24E:46 2E r=2C< 2?5 {2$2==6 DEC66ED 2?5 6?82865 :? C62= 6DE2E6 DA64F=2E:@?] w6 2=D@ D6CG65 EH@ E6C>D W`gcg\`gdaX :? E96 x==:?@:D $E2E6 {68:D=2EFC6]k^Am

kAmx? `gde[ E96 D2>6 J62C E92E E96 C2:=C@25 =:?6 4@??64E:?8 r9:428@ E@ v6?6G2 H2D 4@>A=6E65[ |2IH6== >@G65 E@ v6?6G2 2?5 3F:=E 2 >2?D:@? @? q2<6C $EC66E @G6C=@@<:?8 v6?6G2 {2<6 E92E E@52J :D 2 9@E6= @H?65 3J q6E92?J $@FK2 2?5 p?5J uC:EK x'] &?7@CEF?2E6=J |2IH6== =:G65 :? 9:D >2?D:@? 7@C @?=J E9C66 J62CD 367@C6 9:D 562E9 :? }@G6>36C `gdh 2E E96 286 @7 e_] w:D H:5@H y6CFD92 =:G65 :? E96 >2?D:@? F?E:= 96C 562E9 :? `gfd] q@E9 2C6 3FC:65 36?62E9 E96 =2C86DE E@>3DE@?6 :? E96 !:@?66C r6>6E6CJ]k^Am

k9bmy2>6D |2IH6==k^9bm

kAmy2>6D |2IH6== >@G65 7C@> vF:=7@C5[ '6C>@?E E@ !6??DJ=G2?:2 H96C6 96 @A6C2E65 2 8=2DD 724E@CJ] w6 E96? >@G65 E@ x?5:2?2[ H96C6 96 =:G65 H:E9 2?@E96C 3C@E96C] x? `gbb 96 >@G65 E@ r9:428@ H96C6 9:D 3C@E96C[ !9:=:A |2IH6==[ H2D DE2E:@?65 2E u@CE s62C3@C?] (:E9 9:D 72>:=J[ 96 >@G65 7C@> r9:428@ E@ H92E :D ?@H u@?E2?2] !C:@C E@ >@G:?8 E@ (:D4@?D:?[ y2>6D 925 D6CG65 2D 2 4@=@?6= :? E96 x==:?@:D $E2E6 |:=:E:2[ 7:89E:?8 282:?DE p>6C:42? x?5:2?D] x? `gbg 96 H2D 6=64E65 E@ E96 (:D4@?D:? %6CC:E@C:2= r@F?4:=[ C6AC6D6?E:?8 (2=H@CE9 2?5 #@4< 4@F?E:6D] w6 6G6?EF2==J >@G65 E@ q2C23@@[ H96C6 96 5:65 :? `geh 2E E96 286 @7 gc]k^Am

k9bm{6H:D q] v@@5D6==k^9bm

kAm{6H:D q] v@@5D6== H2D 3@C? :? `g__ :? u2:C7:6=5[ r@??64E:4FE] (96? {6H:D H2D 2 J@F?8 3@J[ 9:D 72E96C[ 2 42CA6?E6C[ >@G65 9:D 72>:=J E@ r@@A6CDE@H?[ }6H *@C<] {6H:D 8C6H FA :? r@@A6CDE@H? H96C6 96 3642>6 2 4=6C< :? 2 DE@C6 2?5 D@@? 3642>6 2 DF446DD7F= 3FD:?6DD>2? 2D E96 @H?6C @7 2 >6C42?E:=6 3FD:?6DD[ 6G6?EF2==J 364@>:?8 2 A2CE?6C H:E9 v6@C86 {] r2>A36==] x? `gbe 96 >@G65 E@ r9:428@ 2?5 @A6?65 2 DE@C6] w6 H2D D9@CE=J 7@==@H65 E@ r9:428@ 3J v6@C86 r2>A36==] x? `gcd 96 >@G65 7C@> r9:428@ E@ v6?6G2 H96C6 96 @A6?65 2 DE@C6] x? `gcg[ 96 3642>6 D6C:@FD=J :== H:E9 4@?DF>AE:@?[ 3FE DFCG:G65] w@H6G6C[ :? E96 DAC:?8 @7 `gda[ 7@==@H:?8 9:D C6EFC? E@ r9:428@ 7C@> 2 3FD:?6DD EC:A E@ }6H *@C< r:EJ[ 96 4@==2AD65 2?5 5:65 @? 2 r9:428@ H92C7 H9:=6 CF??:?8 E@ 42E49 2 D9:A 3@F?5 7@C $@FE9A@CE W?@H z6?@D92X] w6 H2D 3FC:65 :? E96 !:@?66C r6>6E6CJ]k^Am

kAm{6H:D v@@5D6==’D 4@FD:?[ r92C=6D |] v@@5D6==[ H9:=6 ?@E 2 7@F?56C @7 v6?6G2[ ?@?6E96=6DD A=2J65 2? :>A@CE2?E C@=6 :? v6?6G2’D 62C=J 9:DE@CJ] w6 H2D 3@C? :? t2DE w2G6?[ r@??64E:4FE] w:D 72>:=J >@G65 E@ r@@A6CDE@H?[ }6H *@C<] x? `gbe[ 96 >@G65 E@ r9:428@ 2?5 7C@> r9:428@ >@G65 E@ v6?6G2 :? `gbg H96C6 96 3F:=E 2 8C:DE >:== @? E96 H6DE6C? 32?< @7 v6?6G2 {2<6’D @FE=6E[ H96C6 E96 v6?6G2 {2<6 |FD6F> :D E@52J] uC@> `gd_ E@ `gde[ 96 @A6C2E65 2 DE@C6 :? vC66?H@@5[ x==:?@:D :? A2CE?6CD9:A H:E9 y2>6D $:>>@?D[ E96 2FE9@C @7 p??2=D @7 {2<6 v6?6G2[ (:D4@?D:?] (9:=6 :? vC66?H@@5[ r92C=6D v@@5D6== 3642>6 2 36?6724E@C @7 q6=@:E r@==686] w6 >@G65 7C@> vC66?H@@5 E@ {2HC6?46[ x==:?@:D 2?5 6G6?EF2==J D6EE=65 :? }@CE97:6=5[ |:??6D@E2[ H96C6 96 7@F?565 r2C=6E@? r@==686] w6 5:65 :? }@CE97:6=5 :? DAC:?8 @7 `geh]k^Am

k9bmp?5C6H u6C8FD@?k^9bm

kAmp?5C6H u6C8FD@? H2D 3@C? :? {2FC6?D[ }6H *@C< :? `g_b] x? `gbb[ 96 >@G65 E@ r9:428@ H96C6 96 3642>6 2 3FD:?6DD>2?] x? `gbf u6C8FD@? >@G65 9:D 72>:=J 7C@> r9:428@ E@ v6?6G2 2?5 3F:=E E96 7:CDE DE@C6 :? v6?6G2 2E E96 D@FE9H6DE 4@C?6C @7 |2:? 2?5 r6?E6C DEC66ED] w6 D6CG65 2D v6?6G2’D A@DE>2DE6C 7C@> `gbf E@ `gch] p7E6C 9:D DE@C6 3FC?65 E@ E96 8C@F?5 :? `gcd[ 96 3F:=E 2 3C:4< DE@C6[ H9:49 96 @A6C2E65 F?E:= `ge_] w6 2=D@ 4@\@H?65 2 H2C69@FD6 25;246?E E@ E96 C2:=C@25 EC24<D H:E9 y2>6D $:>>@?D] w@H6G6C[ :E H2D 2D 2 C62= 6DE2E6 56G6=@A6C E92E p?5C6H u6C8FD@? >256 9:D >2C< :? v6?6G2] x? `gdd 96 2?5 w2CC:D@? #:49 A=2EE65 E96 7:CDE EH@ 255:E:@?D E@ E96 G:==286 @7 v6?6G2] #:49’D 255:E:@? C2? 7C@> }@CE9 E@ w6?CJ 36EH66? |25:D@? 2?5 (:==:2>D DEC66ED 2?5 u6C8FD@?’D 255:E:@? C2? 7C@> }@CE9 E@ w6?CJ DEC66ED 36EH66? (:==:2>D 2?5 r6?E6C DEC66ED] p7E6C `ge_[ u6C8FD@? 6?82865 :? 72C>:?8] w6 5:65 :? v6?6G2 @? |2J `c[ `ggb 2E E96 286 @7 g`]k^Am

k9bm(2CC6? qC@E96CDk^9bm

kAm%96 (2CC6? 3C@E96CD[ #@36CE (6==D (2CC6? 2?5 vC66?=627 (2CC6?[ H6C6 3@C? :? {F5=@H[ '6C>@?E[ #@36CE :? `fhf 2?5 vC66?=627 :? `g_a] #@36CE =62C?65 E96 EC256 @7 >:==HC:89E 7C@> 9:D 72E96C] w6 H@C<65 2D 2 >:==HC:89E :? tDD6I r@F?EJ :? FADE2E6 }6H *@C< 2?5 :? !6??DJ=G2?:2 367@C6 >@G:?8 E@ r9:428@ :? `gbe]k^Am

kAm#@36CE (6==D (2CC6? H2D E96 7:CDE @7 E96 7@F?56CD E@ =:G6 :? v6?6G2] w6 42>6 E@ v6?6G2 367@C6 E96 G:==286 H2D A=2EE65 3J %9@>2D |4z2:8 2?5 =:G65 :? v6?6G2 7@C 2=>@DE c_ J62CD] x? `gbh (2CC6? 3@F89E E96 8C:DE >:== @? v6?6G2 {2<6’D @FE=6E 7C@> r92C=6D v@@5D6== 2?5 6IA2?565 :E :?E@ 2 =2C86 7=@FC >:==] w6 =2E6C @H?65 DE@C6D @? |2:? $EC66E[ 4@?D:56C23=6 AC@A6CEJ :? v6?6G2 2?5 H2D 2 AC6D:56?E @7 E96 G:==286 @7 v6?6G2] sFC:?8 E96 c_ J62CD E92E 96 =:G65 :? v6?6G2[ 96 H2D AC@323=J E96 >@DE DF446DD7F=[ H6==\<?@H? 3FD:?6DD>2? :? E96 G:==286] $9@CE=J 367@C6 9:D 562E9 96 H2D :?G@=G65 :? 2 =2HDF:E H:E9 E96 G:==286’D ECFDE66D @G6C E96 @H?6CD9:A @7 E96 =2<6D9@C6 25;246?E E@ H92E :D ?@H u=2E xC@? !2C<[ 2 =2HDF:E E92E 96 =@DE] #@36CE (6==D (2CC6? 5:65 s64] b_[ `gfd 2E E96 286 @7 fg] w6 H2D 3FC:65 :? E96 !:@?66C r6>6E6CJ 3FE 9:D C6>2:?D 2?5 E@>3DE@?6 H6C6 >@G65 E@ ~2< w:== r6>6E6CJ 27E6C :E @A6?65 :? `gg_] (2CC6? 2?5 (6==D DEC66ED 2C6 ?2>65 7@C 9:>]k^Am

kAm#@36CE (6==D (2CC6?’D J@F?86C 3C@E96C vC66?=627 (2CC6? H2D @?=J `a H96? 96 >@G65 H:E9 #@36CE E@ tDD6I r@F?EJ[ }6H *@C< H96C6 E96J =:G65 7@C `_ J62CD 367@C6 >@G:?8 E@ !6??DJ=G2?:2 H96C6 E96J =:G65 7@C E96 ?6IE D:I J62CD] x? `gb_ vC66?=627 (2CC6? >@G65 E@ sF3FBF6[ x@H2[ 2?5 D@@? 3642>6 2 =625 >:?6C :? D@FE9H6DE6C? (:D4@?D:?] %96C6 96 DECF4< 2 C:49 =@56 @7 =625 @C6[ D@=5 9:D >:?6 7@C 2 7@CEF?6 2?5 C6EFC?65 E@ !6??DJ=G2?:2] x? |2J `gbe vC66?=627 (2CC6? 2?5 9:D 72>:=J >@G65 E@ r9:428@ 2?5 D9@CE=J E96C627E6C >@G65 E@ v6?6G2 H96C6 96 3F:=E 2?5 @A6C2E65 2 9@E6= 2E E96 ?@CE962DE 4@C?6C @7 |2:? 2?5 qC@25 DEC66ED] w6 E96? 3F:=E 2 DE@C6 2E E96 ?@CE9H6DE 4@C?6C @7 qC@25 2?5 |2:? DEC66ED[ H9:49 C6D:56?ED @7 {2<6 v6?6G2 5FC:?8 E96 `hd_D <?6H 2D E96 r@33 w2C5H2C6 DE@C6] x? `gd_[ 9@H6G6C[ vC66?=627 42F89E 8@=5 76G6C 2?5 >256 9:D H2J @G6C=2?5 E@ E96 8@=5 7:6=5D @7 r2=:7@C?:2 H96C6 96 >256 2?@E96C 7@CEF?6] x? `gda 96 H6?E @? 3@2C5 2 D9:A E92E D2:=65 2C@F?5 E96 r2A6 @7 w@C? 2E E96 D@FE96C? E:A @7 $@FE9 p>6C:42 E@ }6H *@C< r:EJ] w6 H2D 6? C@FE6 324< E@ v6?6G2 H96?[ @? E96 C@25 7C@> }6H *@C< r:EJ E@ !9:=256=A9:2[ 96 H2D H2J=2:5 3J E9:6G6D[ 3642>6 G6CJ :== 2?5 5:65] w6 H2D d_ J62CD @=5]k^Am

k9bmv6@C86 {] r2>A36==k^9bm

kAmv6@C86 {] r2>A36== H2D 3@C? :? r@@A6CDE@H?[ }6H *@C< :? `g`c[ E96 D@? @7 #@36CE r2>A36==[ 2 H62=E9J =2HJ6C 2?5 32?<6C :? r@@A6CDE@H?] p7E6C v6@C86 8C25F2E65 7C@> 4@==686 9:D 72E96C D6E 9:> FA :? 3FD:?6DD H:E9 {6H:D v@@5D6==] x? `gbe v@@5D6== 2?5 v6@C86 r2>A36== >@G65 E@ r9:428@] r2>A36== =:G65 :? r9:428@ H96C6 96 H2D 2 3FD:?6DD>2? 2?5 =2?5 DA64F=2E@C F?E:= 96 5:65 @7 4@?DF>AE:@? :? `gda 2E E96 286 @7 bg]k^Am

kAm%96 D6G6? 7@F?56CD @7 v6?6G2 6A:E@>:K65 E96 EJA6 @7 J@F?8 >6? H9@ >@G65 7C@> }6H t?8=2?5 2?5 FADE2E6 }6H *@C< E@ E96 G:==286 @7 r9:428@ 5FC:?8 E96 >:5\`gb_D :? BF6DE @7 E96:C 7@CEF?6D] (92E E96J 4@F=5 ?@E 92G6 <?@H? H2D E92E E96:C 56DE:?:6D H@F=5 ?@E 36 :? E96 G:==286 @7 r9:428@[ 3FE :?DE625 H@F=5 36 fa >:=6D E@ E96 ?@CE9H6DE @7 r9:428@ :? 2 ?6H G:==286 E92E E96J H@F=5 6DE23=:D9 @? 2 362FE:7F= =2<6 :? D@FE96C? (:D4@?D:?]k^Am

kAmk6>m"F:?? :D 2 {2<6 v6?6G2 ?2E:G6 H9@ :D E96 &?:G6CD:EJ pC49:G:DE t>6C:EFD 2E }@CE9H6DE6C? &?:G6CD:EJ]k^6>mk^Am